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塑料污染防治是國合會高度關(guān)注議題之一。從2017年開始，國合會相繼開展了海洋污染防治、綠色城鎮(zhèn)化、綠色消費(fèi)等專題政策研究。在合作伙伴的大力支持下，依托相關(guān)研究和國際先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，向中國政府提出了關(guān)于塑料污染防治的政策建議，得到中國政府高度重視。2018年11月14日，中國和加拿大發(fā)表了《中華人民共和國政府和加拿大政府關(guān)于應(yīng)對海洋垃圾和塑料的聯(lián)合聲明》以及近期中國政府頒布的《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)塑料污染治理的意見》都體現(xiàn)了國合會的積極貢獻(xiàn)。

近日，國家發(fā)展改革委、生態(tài)環(huán)境部印發(fā)的《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)塑料污染治理的意見》，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)塑料污染治理，明確了禁塑、限塑期限，電商、外賣等新興領(lǐng)域也在其中。在禁限部分塑料用品的同時，還提出要推廣應(yīng)用替代產(chǎn)品和模式，規(guī)范塑料廢棄物回收利用，方便群眾生活。

具體來看，不少治理舉措與百姓日常生活息息相關(guān)。比如：

到2020年底，

禁止生產(chǎn)和銷售一次性發(fā)泡塑料餐具、一次性塑料棉簽；

禁止生產(chǎn)含塑料微珠的日化產(chǎn)品；

全國范圍餐飲行業(yè)禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料吸管。

到2022年底，

全國范圍星級賓館、酒店等場所不再主動提供一次性塑料用品等。

《意見》提出要按照“禁限一批、替代循環(huán)一批、規(guī)范一批”的思路，推進(jìn)三項(xiàng)主要任務(wù)。

一是禁止生產(chǎn)銷售超薄塑料購物袋、超薄聚乙烯農(nóng)用地膜。禁止以醫(yī)療廢物為原料制造塑料制品。全面禁止廢塑料進(jìn)口。分步驟禁止生產(chǎn)銷售一次性發(fā)泡塑料餐具、一次性塑料棉簽、含塑料微珠的日化產(chǎn)品。分步驟、分領(lǐng)域禁止或限制使用不可降解塑料袋、一次性塑料制品、快遞塑料包裝等。

二是研發(fā)推廣綠色環(huán)保的塑料制品及替代產(chǎn)品，探索培育有利于規(guī)范回收和循環(huán)利用、減少塑料污染的新業(yè)態(tài)新模式。

三是加強(qiáng)塑料廢棄物分類回收清運(yùn)，規(guī)范塑料廢棄物資源化利用和無害化處置，開展塑料垃圾專項(xiàng)清理。

《意見》指出要完善塑料污染治理工作的支撐保障體系。

一是將塑料污染防治納入相關(guān)法律要求，及時制定完善相關(guān)法規(guī)制度和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

二是完善相關(guān)政策措施，加大對塑料制品減量、替代產(chǎn)品推廣、新型模式培育、回收利用處置等方面的支持力度。

三是強(qiáng)化科技支撐，加大塑料污染環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)、替代產(chǎn)品技術(shù)研發(fā)等攻關(guān)力度。

四是加強(qiáng)日常管理和監(jiān)督檢查，嚴(yán)格落實(shí)禁止、限制生產(chǎn)、銷售和使用部分塑料制品的政策措施。推行生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)綜合執(zhí)法，依法查處相關(guān)違法違規(guī)行為。

《意見》要求強(qiáng)化組織實(shí)施，形成推進(jìn)塑料污染治理的工作合力。

各有關(guān)部門要建立塑料污染治理專項(xiàng)工作機(jī)制，及時總結(jié)分析工作進(jìn)展，重大情況和問題向黨中央、國務(wù)院報(bào)告。開展聯(lián)合專項(xiàng)行動，強(qiáng)化督促檢查，重點(diǎn)問題納入中央生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)督察。各地要精心組織安排，制定具體實(shí)施辦法，實(shí)化細(xì)化政策措施。加大對塑料污染治理的宣傳力度，廣泛凝聚共識，營造全社會共同參與的良好氛圍。

The prevention of plastic pollution has become a topic of high concern for the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED). Since 2017, the CCICED has conducted many Special Policy Studies on marine pollution prevention and control, green urbanization, and green consumption.

With the support of its partners, and drawing upon its relevant research and advanced international experience, the CCICED made a proposal on preventing plastic pollution to the Chinese government, which attached much importance to it.

China and Canada made a joint statement on marine litter and plastics at a meeting between Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau in Singapore on November 14, 2018.

Moreover, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued a document on January 19, 2020 urging reduction in the nationwide use of single-use, non-degradable plastics and parcel packaging in the next five years. Both the joint statement and the document demonstrate the positive contributions made by the CCICED to environmental protection.

Modern life would be unrecognizable without plastics, but the dark side of the convenience they bring cannot be ignored. It is estimated that the annual global production of plastics will hit nearly 1 billion tons by 2050, double the figure in 2015.

Cartoon: Cai Meng/China Daily

However, after being used for a short time — to be precise, 12 minutes on average for each of the 5 trillion single-used plastic bags consumed each year — most of the plastic products will be dumped. They will persist in nature for years before breaking into granules and becoming part of the food chains.

That's why the document China issued on January 19 on curbing plastic pollution is a welcome one.

The country will gradually restrict or ban the production, sales and use of certain plastics while promoting their degradable, recycle-friendly alternatives,according to the document issued by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

By 2025, China expects to effectively control plastic pollution, substantially reduce the amount of plastic waste in landfills of key cities, establish a complete plastics management system and make progress in the development of alternative products, said the document.

The production and sales of single-use foam plastic tableware and plastic swabs will be banned by the end of 2020. Production of daily chemicals containing plastic microbeads, production will be banned by 2020 while their sales will stop by 2022.

The document also reiterates prohibitions on the production and use of thin plastic bags and polyethylene agricultural films, as well as on the production of plastic products with medical waste and imports of plastic waste.

The document has set step-by-step timetables for the next five years to reduce the use of single-use, non-degradable plastics and parcel packaging.

For instance, non-degradable single-use plastic straws will be banned by the end of 2020, while non-degradable single-use plastic tableware will be banned from dining-in in cities. By the end of 2022, the ban on plastic tableware will be extended to dining-in in rural areas.

By the end of 2025, the use of non-degradable single-use plastic tableware for take-out in cities should be cut by 30 percent, according to the document.

Moreover, all hotels and guesthouses should stop using single-use plastic wares by 2025, while postal and express service outlets should cease using non-degradable plastic packaging, plastic tape and single-use plastic woven bags.

A girl throws a plastic bottle into a garbage can in Chongqing, Southwest China, July 4, 2019. [Xinhua]

In the meantime, China will encourage the use of alternative materials such as non-plastic products and degradable shopping bags and urge efforts in the recycling and disposal of plastic wastes, the document said.